On this page:
4.1 The book is a program
4.2 One language, multiple dialects
4.3 Development environment
4.4 A special data structure for HTML
4.5 Pollen command syntax
4.6 The preprocessor
4.7 Templated source files
4.8 Pagetrees
6.1.0.8

4 The big picture

A summary of the key components & concepts of the Pollen publishing system and how they fit together. If you’ve completed the Quick tour, this will lend some context to what you saw. The next tutorials will make more sense if you read this first.

4.1 The book is a program

This is the core design principle of Pollen. Consistent with this principle, Pollen adopts the habits of software development in its functionality, workflow, and project management.

4.2 One language, multiple dialects

4.3 Development environment

The Pollen development environment has three main pieces: the DrRacket code editor, the project server, and the command-line tool.

4.4 A special data structure for HTML

Unlike other programming languages, Pollen (and Racket) internally represent HTML with something called an X-expression. An X-expression is simply a list that represents what in HTML is called an element, meaning a thing with an opening tag, a closing tag, and content in between. Like HTML elements, X-expressions can be nested. Unlike HTML elements, X-expressions have no closing tag, they use parentheses to denote the start and end, and text elements are put inside quotes.

For example, consider this HTML element:

<body><h1>Hello world</h1><p>Nice to <i>see</i> you.</p></body>

As a Racket X-expression, this would be written:

(body (h1 "Hello world") (p "Nice to " (i "see") " you."))

More will be said about X-expressions. But a couple advantages should be evident already. First, without the redundant angle brackets, the X-expression is more readable than the equivalent HTML. Second, an X-expression is preferable to representing HTML as a simple string, because it preserves the internal structure of the element.

4.5 Pollen command syntax

As mentioned above, a Pollen source file is not code with text embedded in it, but rather text with code embedded. (See ◊ command overview for more.)

4.6 The preprocessor

The preprocessor is the simplest processing mode in Pollen.

4.7 Templated source files

If you want to apply a particular page format to multiple sources of content — as you would in a book — you can use Pollen templates.

4.8 Pagetrees

Similar to a table of contents, a pagetree is a special Pollen source file that gets turned into a hierarchical list of pages.