diff --git a/quad/render-typed.rkt b/quad/render-typed.rkt
index 5b678dfa..cfd26df0 100644
--- a/quad/render-typed.rkt
+++ b/quad/render-typed.rkt
@@ -1 +1,41 @@
 #lang typed/racket/base
+(require typed/racket/class)
+(require "utils-typed.rkt" "quads-typed.rkt" "world-typed.rkt")
+
+(define abstract-renderer%
+ 
+  (class object% 
+    (super-new)    
+    
+    (define renderable-quads '(word box))
+    
+    ;; hash implementation
+    (: render (Quad . -> . Any))
+    (define/public (render doc-quad)
+      (finalize
+       (let ([rendering-input (flatten-quad (setup doc-quad))])
+         (define page-quad-hash ((inst make-hash Nonnegative-Integer (Listof Quad))))
+         (for ([q (in-list rendering-input)])
+           (when (member (quad-name q) renderable-quads)
+             ((inst hash-update! Nonnegative-Integer (Listof Quad)) page-quad-hash (cast (quad-attr-ref q world:page-key) Nonnegative-Integer) (λ(v) ((inst cons Quad (Listof Quad)) q v)) (λ() (cast null (Listof Quad))))))
+         (map (λ([k : Nonnegative-Integer]) (render-page ((inst hash-ref Nonnegative-Integer (Listof Quad) (Listof Quad)) page-quad-hash k))) (sort (hash-keys page-quad-hash) <)))))
+    
+    (: render-element (Quad . -> . Quad))
+    (define/public (render-element q)
+      (cond 
+        [(word? q) (render-word q)]
+        [else q]))
+    
+    (: setup (Quad . -> . Quad))
+    (define/public (setup q) q)
+    
+    ;; use in lieu of 'abstract' definition
+    (: render-page ((Listof Quad) . -> . Void))
+    (define/public (render-page qs) (void)) 
+    
+    ;; use in lieu of 'abstract' definition
+    (: render-word (Quad . -> . Quad))
+    (define/public (render-word x) (word)) 
+    
+    (: finalize (Any . -> . Any))
+    (define/public (finalize x) x)))
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